Anosov constructed (Anosov, Section 8) a smooth Riemannian metric $g$ on $S^2$ such that the surface $(S^2,g)$ admits arbitrarily long non-intersecting closed geodesics. His construction starts with a standard sphere $S^2$. Split it along its equator, and insert a surface of revolution with a thinner waist. Then he deformed the metric on the upper hemisphere along with a geodesic such that the directions around the picked path get twisted faster. Then he did the same deformation on the lower hemisphere. Those long geodesics spend most of their time around the waist, while the twisting on the two hemispheres guarantees the nonintersection property. The resulting surface is very nice, and I enjoyed picturing it in my mind very much.
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